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CPSIA certification delayed until 2010: Seller beware

CPSIA certification delayed until 2010: Seller beware
Photo by TedRheingold, shared via Flickr.
The Consumer Product Safety Commission issued a one-year "stay of enforcement" for phthalate and lead testing by children's product manufacturers today.

Significant to makers of children’s products, the vote by the Commission provides limited relief from the testing and certification requirements which go into effect on February 10, 2009 for new total lead content limits (600 ppm), phthalates limits for certain products (1000 ppm), and mandatory toy standards, among other things. Manufacturers and importers – large and small – of children’s products will not need to test or certify to these new requirements, but will need to meet the lead and phthalates limits, mandatory toy standards and other requirements.


I know, gift horse and all, and an entire industry is breathing a collective sigh of relief, but do these terms give anyone else pause? The CPSC has just offered crafters, handmade toymakers, and corporate producers alike the same deal it already gave resellers earlier this month: You don't have to test the products you sell, but if we find one that doesn't meet the new standards, you're on the hook for fines - $100,000 per violation. From the stay of enforcement:

Handmade garment makers are cautioned to know whether the zippers, buttons and other fasteners they are using contain lead. Likewise, handmade toy manufacturers need to know whether their products, if using plastic or soft flexible vinyl, contain phthalates.


Or what? Well, or nothing. The CPSC is essentially saying it does not intend to enforce the ban it is mandated to enforce, for the period of one year. It can't actually say that it doesn't intend to enforce it. Here's what it can say:

The Commission trusts that State Attorneys General will respect the Commission's judgment that it is necessary to stay certain testing and certification requirements and will focus their own enforcement efforts on other provisions of the law, e.g. the sale of recalled products.


The gist of the CPSC's new ruling is this: "We cannot release you, the manufacturer (or crafter) from the requirement to meet these standards. We can relieve you of the obligation to prove to us that your products are safe, as we have now defined safety. However, we must state that you are still obligated to meet those safety requirements, even if we aren't requiring the testing; therefore, the ultimate burden of compliance remains with you, the manufacturer, although we do not intend to check, and are hoping that state agencies will follow our lead."

I see a few problems with this scenario.

  1. The fundamental problem with the CPSIA's testing and certification requirements is that testing of various combinations of components makes it impossible for small producers to stay in business. A year delay does not solve this problem.

  2. Producers who do take this year to develop a stronger awareness of their supply chain and the safety of the materials they use will not be in any better position to sustain the cost of testing a year from now. In other words, if I make children's clothes and I begin more carefully sourcing my snaps, buttons, zippers, and fabrics to ensure I am dealing with reputable companies that produce a quality product and perhaps even test themselves, I will still be required to do the same testing as someone who took no such steps. I may pass the test, where someone else would fail it, but the standards have never been the issue - it's the breadth of testing required in the first place.

  3. Significant momentum has been building behind the need to fix this law, and some of that pressure will now be released.


It may be that this is the only way for the CPSC to offer relief this close to the February 10 deadline, and that they are just preparing the ground for Congress to take more time-consuming actions to fix the CPSIA over the next year. If that is the case, it might be legalistic to complain that they are making crafters, toymakers, and companies technically responsible for meeting a standard they now claim to be uninterested in enforcing.

But the law is the law. The state and federal government don't always walk lockstep on these issues - look at what happened in California with medical marijuana. What if some state - California, say, or Washington - decides to go ahead and test products and enforce the law? Or what if a consumer group that feels passionately about the new lead standards decides to do some independent testing and sue non-compliant companies for violating the new standard?

What do you think? Is this the best relief the handmade industry could hope for, or is it just one step towards fixing this legislation? If you're a producer, does your "responsibility" to be in compliance given these terms worry you, or are you comfortable assuming that you're safe until February 2010? Is there anything you'll try to do with this "extra" year on the assumption that the CPSIA itself might not get "fixed" by then?
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Categories: advocacy, chemical safety, CPSIA, CPSC, safety
1. deputyheadmistress [1/30/09]

I think it’s one very cool step in the right direction.

I think they just might be calling Congress’ bluff.  Congress has been saying not to bother them, the CPSC has ‘full authority.’

I expect Congress to have a hissy fit over this demonstrating what others have been saying all along- Congress, and not the CPSC, HAS to fix this mess.

I think USPIRG/Public Citizen/consumer’s Union et al will sue, and they may win, showing, yet again, the CPSC is right and Congress wrong, that Congress MUST fix this.

So it’s exciting, but it’s more like a blink, or a first down, not a touch down.

2. Liz Gumbinner [1/30/09]

Hm, I saw this as a step towards fixing the legislation. Nancy Nord in her letter to congress called it a “time out” - time to step back and reasses. If there was enough evidence that this was turning into a failure, there is certainly enough evidence to approach it more thoughtfully the second time around, with input from the right people.

I also don’t know that it will put out the fire under our collective butts. So many vocal advocates from Rick Woldenberg to the HTA to the smallest etsy seller now can be a part of the process of fixing this. Somehow they don’t seem the types to walk away because the tourniquet seems to be holding.

What will be interesting is to see if, say, a US-made zipper in a pair of pjs is loaded with lead, whether it will be the manufacturer or the zipper maker who ends up accountable. If manufacturers need start charging more for better quality products made from components they can rely on and not garbage from China, then you know? That’s the price we pay. That ain’t bad.

Sorry for the novel.

Do appreciate the level of thinking you’re bringing to this as always.

3. Janelle Sorensen [1/30/09]

Although I’m generally a very Gestalt thinker, I’m easily blinded by momentary victory. Thanks for pointing out these nuances.

I still think this is what had to happen. As it’s being interpreted the code was simply ridiculous and did not really serve the intentions of the authors or the advocates for protecting children from lead and phthalates. I don’t think the CPSC’s current intention is simply to hold it off for a year. I believe some sort of amendment or re-interpretation will have to be developed. Either some sort of source certification (e.g. so crafters can buy from credible manufacturers and not have to test everything themselves) or something else that’s not going to crush small businesses. If nothing else, I don’t think our current administration would allow such a thing (call me naively optimistic).

As we work out the glitches of this singular piece of legislation, let’s not lose sight of the bigger picture: better regulation of chemicals in general. The Toxic Substances Control Act is sorely outdated and ineffective. The US General Accounting Office last week said it is one of the top 3 issues needing to be addressed in our country right now. The Kid Safe Chemicals Act could be the change we need, but we need everyone’s input so we don’t re-live this CPSIA fiasco.

Healthy Child is hosting a phone conference with EWG to discuss this vital legislation on Feb 19 at 10PST. Watch our blog (http://www.HealthyChild.org/blog) for more details.

Thanks again Jennifer and Jeremiah! Your blog rocks!

4. Renee [1/30/09]

You’re right, it is only one step on the road to fixing the CPSIA, and it does leave manufacturers on the hook. For those of us who have every intention of selling product that is “safe” as described by the law, however, it is still a welcome relief at the moment. It means that XRF, vendor certification and component testing are all fair means of achieving compliance while our Congress finds a real fix for the law itself.

Thanks for this level-head and realistic post. I agree that this is a step in the right direction. Everyone should be encouraged for the simple fact that they have heard our cries (and cheers). While we can all have a great big sigh of relief, that sigh needs to get us recharged, re-energized and ready to fight some more...harder than ever. It isn’t over by any means and we are still under the law. But with the voice of optimism I say that we can win this thing!

6. Jenna [1/31/09]

Actually, I’m bummed. It takes the teeth right out of the order, and I liked the fact that it was a tough piece of legislation. It was the first time the government had really made a strong step toward ensuring the safety of children’s products… and now, because of backlash from those who stand to profit, it’s essentially gone for the next year.

Which is not to say that I’m against “those who stand to profit.” As I said in an earlier post, I sympathize and don’t wish to see anyone go out of business who is producing a safe product. But I also don’t want to give people excuses “just” because they’re not big business. I do think home businesses/craftspeople need to adhere to the same standards as big business-- and those standards should be high.

I still feel the onus should be on the suppliers, however. There should be suppliers who certify that their products are lead-free, pthalate-free, etc., so children’s manufacturers can buy from those suppliers and know they’re producing a safe end product.

7. Cheryl [2/01/09]

Sen. DeMint from SC is proposing some smart legislation in the upcoming week.  He’s using common sense to make things more understandable and still keep safety.  You can find it here.

Asking our own local senators to support this reform will help get things clearer and not just postpone the confusion and panic.

8. Jeremiah [2/02/09]

Thanks for weighing in, everyone. I agree the new administration has a strong head of steam for change and appreciate deputyheadmistress’ insight that this may be an attempt by CPSC to force Congress’ hand.

It is very odd to me though to have to see some organizations that are pushing for literal interpretation of this bill as agents of positive change. If anything their tactics typically ramp up the fears that anything less than full enforcement of what’s out there (the current CPSIA) will be endangering our children. My concern is that this makes modifying the legislation more difficult, not less; what will their course of action be if the legislation is reformed to be “more lenient”?

Our primary goal with the post was to point out that it puts creators in a difficult position in relation to the law. I agree with USPIRG and others that selective enforcement is a corrupting influence and not the outcome we should expect from a strong democracy.

I’m hopeful that Congress will act on this soon and take small businesses and crafters out of limbo.

Jenna, also agree with you about supplier certification. The CPSC has been put in the ludicrous position of defending the idea that components used in combination pose a greater risk than they do in isolation, which is true in extremely isolated cases and can certainly be accommodated by some more nuanced rules. That’s the best way to help small businesses and crafters get safer and survive.

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